Databases are usually one of the most important pieces in any installation. This is due to its use as the main data repository. These data have two characteristics that make them vital for any business.
• Without them, our business could not function.
• This is data that must be accessible in real-time by all our clients.
What is a database?
It is a collection of information/data stored in a certain way and with a specific structure (that depends on the engine used, for example, MongoDB or PostgreSQL), which have optimized routines for saving, deleting, consulting and managing information.
So, a database is made up of models or tables; each table has N attributes, different types of data. They are saved as records, for example, a record of the user’s table in a database has the information of the name and surname of a person (more fields depending on our business logic). So we can have millions of records, relate them, index them and others.
Best commercial databases in 2021
Today the market is still dominated by DB2, SQL Server, Oracle, and IBM. On Mainframe or UNIX / Linux, Oracle and DB2 are usually the leaders, while Windows SQL Server is generally the best option.
Below is list of top database that are preferred by programmer in 2021
- Oracle
Database that can run on almost any operating system. From Oracle, we highlight the abundance of profiles with experience in this technology. Oracle has large number of tools that exist for its administration and monitoring.
- IBM DB2
It is usually the second most used database in UNIX / Linux environments after Oracle. Ir is an undisputed winner on Mainframe. There are professional profiles for DB2 but not as many as for Oracle. On the other hand, the DB2 Mainframe profile does not have to know how to move in DB2 Linux / UNIX. IBM Informix ensures that your critical business data is managed and protected. Take advantage of the power of data with unlimited scalability and a wide range of features
- Microsoft SQL Server
Database with compatibility only for Windows systems. There are many expert profiles in SQL Server, and it is not difficult to acquire them. Its integration with Microsoft Azure has greatly improved its flexibility and performance.
- Teradata
It stands out above the other types of databases for its data storage and analysis capacity. It is usually used in extensive Big Data facilities.
- Mongo DB
It is probably the most popular database. You can work with structured and unstructured data. They allow working in key-value pairs and accessing different parts of the stored data.
Mongo DB does not support atomicity in operations and guarantees eventual integrity. Changes will be replicated across all nodes, but not all nodes are guaranteed to have the same data at the same time.
- Couchbase Server
Free database created in the Apache project. It also does not guarantee 100% data integrity. It highlights its large administration console where you can straightforwardly access a lot of data.
- Mark Logic Server
This database stands out from the previous ones for allowing data integrity and compatibility with XML, JSON, and RDF. Supported systems: Windows, Solaris, Red Hat, Suse, CentOS, Amazon Linux, and Mac OS.
- Non-SQL Key-Value Oriented
Ideal when accessing data by a password. The difference between this type of database lies in the possibility of storing data without any predefined scheme. They are the easiest to use. They are usually very efficient for reading and writing. The data is generally stored in complex structures like a BLOB. SQL Administrator: Helps simplify and manage the SQL Server administration process, maintain tasks, manage server privileges, analyze performance statistics, and more.
EMS SQL Manager
You can use the EMS SQL Manager to create data analysis components within your dashboard. We also provide strong vendor support for all your online database activities. Main features: Database conversion-Data files can be exported and imported easily and flexibly in different data formats.
ALTIBASE
Altibase is a high performance, enterprise-level open-source relational database. Automatically grow memory fragments and tables to scale horizontally and vertically, respectively. Some large companies, such as Samsung, Hyundai, and HP, are the most well-known clients. Main features: IMDB (In-Memory Database): Provides a fast and easy-to-use architecture. This is useful for use cases that require low latency and very high performance.
Database Types
In the field, there are mainly 2 types of database engines, relational and non-relational. Each one is more suitable depending on the use case.
For example, non-relational databases are good for storing models with high transactionality, since their response time is lower compared to relational ones, but it lacks restrictions, you can see it in more detail in the MongoDB course.
On the other hand, a relational database is based on ACID principles (accessibility, consistency, integrity and availability). It also uses relational algebra as a foundation to create structures, relate them to each other and with it, save data.
Relational Databases
Within the relations database engines there are different options, for example MySQL , PostgreSQL , SQL Server, MariaDB, etc; Each of them with different characteristics that differentiate them from each other, but they all share the same principles.
• MySQL : it is the most used engine on the market, this because the most used stack is LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP) with this, most of the internet is used, although MariaDB, which is a fork maintained by the community, it is very similar to MySQL.
• PostgreSQL : offers better performance, also certain features such as storage of files and objects in JSON format that allow searches similar to those that would be done with a non-relational database.
• SQL Server: it is widely used within corporate and banking software since it is Microsoft technology.
Non-Relational Databases
• Redis: It is a non-relational database widely used to cache; most modern web development frameworks offer support and compatibility with it, since it mounts its entire structure in RAM memory.
• MongoDB: it is another non-relational database but the difference is that it is document-oriented and the data is stored in BSON (Binary JSON) structures, its main characteristic is the dynamism with which a schema can be used, this implies that it can be changed at the developer’s discretion without following a particular standard.